Common Diseases
Dry Eye
Known as Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)
This is immune-mediated inflammation of the tear gland. The clinical signs of dry eye include a thick discharge, surface redness, and corneal haziness. Chronic dry eye results in secondary scarring and corneal pigmentation leading to vision impairment and discomfort. Topical tear stimulants are used to treat the condition. A large proportion of canine patients respond to medical treatment.
Entropion
In-rolling of the eyelid margin
This is a condition affecting both dogs and cats. This is a condition causing irritation, corneal ulceration, and in some cases corneal rupture. Entropion is painful and most patients have squinting and thick discharge. Surgical correction of entropion is recommended for most patients.
Glaucoma
High intra-ocular pressure (IOP) leading to vision loss and pain
This is a disease affecting both dogs and cats. There are two forms of glaucoma: 1. Primary, and 2. Secondary. Secondary glaucoma is typically due to intra-ocular inflammation, intra-ocular bleeding, or a tumor in the eye. Primary glaucoma is an inherent malformation of the eye and the condition is common hereditary disease in many dog breeds. Treatment of glaucoma can include a combination of medication and surgery.
Cataracts
Lens opacification/haziness
Cataracts are a condition affecting dogs and cats. Based on the severity of the cataracts, the patient can lose vision. Treatment of cataracts including topical medication to treat cataract-associated inflammation, and possible surgical removal of the cataracts.
Corneal Ulcer
Aka “corneal scratch”
There are several types of corneal ulcers. An ulcer leads to pain and potential vision loss if not treated quickly. Signs of a corneal ulcer include squinting, thick green discharge, redness, and surface cloudiness. Treatment of a corneal ulcer is to remove any recurring irritants, antibiotic drop, pain control, and an e-collar.
Feline Herpesvirus Infection
This is a viral infection causing surface inflammation in cats
Although dogs can develop herpesvirus, it is far less common. Signs may include squinting, surface redness, thick discharge, cloudiness, and sneezing. Treatment for the condition includes topical or anti-viral medication.